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Originally patented in 1816 by the Scottish minister and inventor Robert Stirling, a Stirling engine converts heat directly into mechanical energy. By applying a flame to one end of a sealed cylinder, the temperature difference forces the air inside to expand and contract. This cycle pushes a piston that spins the flywheel, which can be used to power a simple generator that converts the mechanical rotation into usable electricity.
"The entire project took about a month to design, build, and program," PickentCode told Tom's Hardware. They first conceptualized a 3D layout using Blender before constructing the physical case out of wood. They even went ahead and utilized a DIY laser engraver to etch a portrait of Robert Stirling and his original 1816 engine patent sketch directly onto the wooden side panels. For the smaller structural elements, the electronic housings and the keycaps were custom 3D printed, while the decorative pipes winding across the frame were made from old shower tubing and some gold paint.
(Image credit: PickentCode on Reddit) (Image credit: PickentCode on Reddit) (Image credit: PickentCode on Reddit) Image 1 of 3 View Original
The brains of the system are an ESP32 C3 microcontroller paired with a 2.42-inch monochrome OLED display with a 128×64 resolution, alongside a 16-key keypad. The electrical output of the generator is stabilized using small capacitors wired into the circuit. One can also actively monitor the voltage output using the analog voltmeter, which is wired in parallel, and the two toggle switches mounted on the front panel can be used to turn on the main circuit and the voltmeter.
Running an electronic device, in this case a microcomputer, purely on fire comes with obvious energy limitations. The model Stirling engine can produce only 150 milliwatts of power, and to stay within this tiny power budget, the creator implemented certain hardware and software optimizations. For instance, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth were completely disabled, and the screen brightness was kept low to conserve every milliwatt. PickentCode also tuned the ESP32's CPU frequency, reducing it down to just 80 MHz when updating the screen or interpreting opcodes, going all the way down to just 10 MHz while sitting idle in the main loop.
Windows guru uses Stirling Engine to cool AMD Threadripper 3970X
Key considerations
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Reference reading
- https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/case-mods/SPONSORED_LINK_URL
- https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/case-mods/diy-modder-creates-heat-engine-computing-device-powered-by-a-stirling-engine-80-mhz-esp32-can-run-tetris-snake-and-pong-on-just-150-milliwatts-of-power#main
- https://www.tomshardware.com/membership
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